Few studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users.
The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media and the exposure to fitness-related content on social media (i.e., image-centric social media use) may have a profound role in using these compounds due to its role in Bio Med Frontiers creating negative body images in male gym users.
Provide contemporary data on the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM among young male gym users, and test the hypothesis that social media is associated with the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM, as a result of a negative body image.
In this cross-sectional study, conducted in the Netherlands, male gym users (N = 2269; 24 ± 6 years) completed an online questionnaire including self-reported measures regarding resistance training participation, image-centric social media use, dietary supplement intake, and body image.
The prevalence of AAS and SARM use was assessed with randomized response, a technique to ask sensitive questions indirectly.
Of all participants, 83% used ergogenic dietary supplements (mainly protein and creatine), and an estimated 9 versus 2.7% had ever used AAS versus SARM. Image-centric social media use was positively associated with the use of dietary supplements (r = .26; p < 0.01) and AAS (p < 0.05), but not SARM.
Image-centric social media use was associated with a more dissatisfied body image (r = .34; p < 0.01). Body image did not mediate the relationship between image-centric social media use and the use of doping compounds.
The use of dietary supplements in young male gym users is exorbitant, with the use of AAS and SARM being substantial. Image-centric social media use is positively associated with the use of dietary supplements and AAS.
Effects of storage media, supplements and cryopreservation methods on quality of stem cells
- Despite a vast amount of different methods, protocols and cryoprotective agents (CPA), stem cells are often frozen using standard protocols that have been optimized for use with cell lines, rather than with stem cells.
- Relatively few comparative studies have been performed to assess the effects of cryopreservation methods on these stem cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been a key agent for the development of cryobiology and has been used universally for cryopreservation.
- However, the use of DMSO has been associated with in vitro and in vivo toxicity and has been shown to affect many cellular processes due to changes in DNA methylation and dysregulation of gene expression.
- Despite studies showing that DMSO may affect cell characteristics, DMSO remains the CPA of choice, both in a research setting and in the clinics.
- However, numerous alternatives to DMSO have been shown to hold promise for use as a CPA and Supplier include albumin, trehalose, sucrose, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and many more.
- Here, we will discuss the use, advantages and disadvantages of these CPAs for cryopreservation of different types of stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
Development of a modified serum-free medium for Vero cell cultures: effects of protein hydrolysates, l-glutamine and SITE liquid media supplement on cell growth.
Vero cells have been widely used in the viral vaccine production due to the recommendation of the World Health Organization regarding its safety and non-tumorigenicity.
The aim of this study was to describe the development a modified serum-free medium for Vero cell cultures.
Two protein hydrolysates (Bacto™ soytone and Bacto™ yeast extract), vitamin C, vitamin B12, SITE liquid media supplement, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rEGF) were investigated as serum substitutes.
A sequential experiment of fractional factorial and central composite design was applied.
A modified serum-free medium obtained (named as SFM01-M) was verified. Contrary to P0, the cell yields obtained at P1, P2, and P3 decreased continuously during the verification experiments indicating that Vero cells could not adapt to SFM01-M as expected according to the empirical mathematical model.
To improve cell growth after P0, protein hydrolysates, l-glutamine, and SITE liquid media supplement were further investigated.
The results showed that cell yields gradually decreased from P1 to P3 when a fixed concentration of Bacto™ yeast extract (7.0 g/L) combined with various concentrations of Bacto™ soytone (0.1-7.0 g/L) in SFM01-M were used. Similarly, cell yields also gradually decreased from P1 to P3 when a fixed concentration of Bacto™ soytone (7.0 g/L) combined with various concentrations of Bacto™ yeast extract (0.1-7.0 g/L) in SFM01-M were used.
However, the combination of Bacto™ soytone at 0.1 g/L and Bacto™ yeast extract at 7.0 g/L or Bacto™ soytone at 7.0 g/L and Bacto™ yeast extract at 0.1 g/L in SFM01-M could give the maximum cell yield at P3 when compared with other combinations.
In addition, the addition of SITE liquid media supplement (0.1-2.0% v/v) in SFM01-M in which the concentrations of Bacto™ soytone, Bacto™ yeast extract, and l-glutamine were fixed at 0.1 g/L, 0.1 g/L, and 4.0 mM, respectively, the results showed that the cell yields obtained at P3 were not significantly different.
From this study, the optimum concentrations of SFM01-M components were as follows: Bacto™ soytone (0.1 g/L), Bacto™ yeast extract (0.1 g/L), vitamin C (9.719 mg/L), vitamin B12 (0.1725 mg/L), SITE liquid media supplement (0.1-2.0% v/v), rEGF (0.05756 mg/L), l-glutamine (4.0 mM), MEM non-essential amino acids (1.0% v/v), sodium pyruvate (1.0 mM), MEM (9.4 g/L), and sodium hydrogen carbonate (2.2 g/L).
However, to evaluate SFM01-M in the long-term subculture of Vero cells, the efficiency of SFM01-M will be further investigated.
Peer-to-Peer Social Media Communication About Dietary Supplements Used for Weight Loss and Sports Performance Among Military Personnel: Pilot Content Analysis of 11 Years of Posts on Reddit.
Over 60% of military personnel in the United States currently use dietary supplements. Two types of dietary supplements, weight loss and sports performance (WLSP) supplements, are commonly used by military personnel despite the associated serious adverse effects such as dehydration and stroke.
To understand peer-to-peer communication about WLSP supplements among military personnel, we conducted a pilot study using the social media website, Reddit.
A total of 64 relevant posts and 243 comments from 2009 to 2019 were collected from 6 military subreddits.
The posts were coded for year of posting, subreddit, and content consistent with the following themes: resources about supplement safety and regulation, discernability of supplement use through drug testing, serious adverse effects, brand names or identifiers, and reasons for supplement use.
A primary concern posted by personnel who used supplements was uncertainty about the supplements that were not detectable on a drug test.
Supplements to improve workout performance were the most frequently used.
Our pilot study suggests that military personnel may seek out peer advice about WLSP supplements on Reddit and spread misinformation about the safety and effectiveness of these products through this platform.
Future directions for the monitoring of WLSP supplement use in military personnel are discussed.
The Associations Among Individual Factors, Media Literacy, and Dietary Supplement Use Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study
The mass media have been condemned for encouraging young people to take dietary supplements (DS).
Media literacy, which includes authors and audiences (AA), messages and meanings (MM), and representation and reality (RR) domains, is a new approach to teaching young adults to make better informed health decisions. However, it is not clear which domains are the most important for media literacy education.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations among individual factors, media literacy, and DS use.
The survey instrument included demographic items, the DS Media Literacy Scale (DSMLS), and DS use items (users or nonusers, types of DS, current use of DS, and intention to use DS in the future).
The DSMLS is an 11-item instrument designed to assess college students’ AA, MM, and RR media literacy in relation to DS. A total of 467 Taiwanese college students participated in the study. Descriptive statistical analysis, logistic regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted.
A total of 338/467 (72.4%) participants reported using DS, and 176/467 (37.7%) consumed 3 or more supplements.
Moreover, the MM media literacy domain was associated with having been a DS user (odds ratio 0.63, P=.002), current DS use (β=-.10, P=.02), and intention to use DS in the future (β=-.12, P=.011). Finally, perceived importance of health was positively related to current DS use (β=.18, P=.001) and intention to use DS in the future (β=.18, P=.001).
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This study showed that the majority of Taiwanese college students were DS users and used multiple types of supplements. Moreover, students with lower MM media literacy were more likely to be DS users, to take DS more frequently, and to have higher intentions for future frequent DS use. Finally, those who placed extreme importance on health were more likely to take DS frequently and have higher intentions for future frequent DS use.